What is physical computing?
Physical computing is the use of code to control and interact with devices in the real world. Instead of running programs only on a screen, students see their code come to life through sounds, lights, motors, and sensors.
This hands-on approach makes core programming concepts, like variables, functions, loops, and parallel code, far more tangible, providing real-world coding examples that connect digital skills with physical outcomes.
Unlike screen-only coding, physical computing gives learners immediate, visible feedback. This makes programming easier to understand, more engaging, and highly effective at sparking a lifelong love of STEM.
Why Physical Computing Matters
Physical computing develops the future-ready skills today’s learners will need beyond the classroom. From critical thinking and problem-solving to collaboration, creativity, and resilience, these experiences reflect the challenges of real-world STEM careers. By combining coding with hands-on exploration, physical computing doesn’t just teach programming, it gives students the skills they need to thrive in a technology-driven future.
Research reinforces this urgency. Skills Development Scotland has highlighted that an estimated 65% of pupils currently in their first year of primary school will go on to work in jobs that don’t yet exist! This makes it imperative that we introduce students to digital skills early, ensuring they build the confidence and adaptability to succeed in an ever changing world.
When it comes to teaching physical computing, Marty the Robot and Cog stand out by offering richer, more engaging learning experiences. Unlike basic rolling robots that only move in one direction, Marty’s humanoid design, with the ability to walk, dance, talk, and show facial expressions, makes coding more engaging and exciting for students. This opens the door to cross-curricular projects that go far beyond simple movement tasks, blending STEM with math, storytelling and languages.
Cog has a simple, inviting design that makes it easy for students to pick up and start experimenting with. Like Scratch, it’s accessible at the beginning but has plenty of room to grow, supporting learners as their skills develop. Unlike screen-only coding, Cog bridges the physical and digital worlds, letting students see the immediate impact of their code through lights, sounds, and inputs. The experience is joyful and hands-on, from the satisfying press of a button to a burst of LED colours, encouraging playful exploration and experimentation.
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